Breast augmentation is a type of plastic surgery that aims to enlarge the breast and correct its shape.The operation is performed using special implants, which are almost in no way inferior to natural mammary glands.
What is that
Breast augmentation with implants is a plastic surgery that allows the mammary glands to be corrected.This technique is applied to women who have sagging breasts, changes in shape and volume, for example, as a result of pregnancy or breastfeeding.
Breast augmentation is one of the methods of surgically enlarging breasts and correcting their shape.
The operation is prescribed after a complete examination and carried out in a hospital.
In this case, implants of different formats, contents and volumes are used, which can be installed under the fascia, gland or pectoralis major muscle.
The location of the incisions may also vary.To avoid the development of complications after the intervention, it is necessary to strictly follow the rules of care.
To make the mammary glands look more natural after surgery, the specialist will give recommendations on choosing the size of the implants.
Types of prosthetics
All materials are divided into several varieties.
By content
They are classified into several types.
Silicone
They consist of a cohesive gel with varying degrees of density.The peculiarity of these implants is that, if damaged, they do not leak.
Salt
Filling: saline solution.These products are less popular than others, but their cost will be slightly lower.Additionally, they have a shorter shelf life, and when used under the skin, they can form bumps and bumps.
Installing the selected implants is a fundamental step in breast augmentation.
The rehabilitation process and how painful it will be depends on its correct location and contact with the tissues.
With competent actions by the surgeon, most complications can be easily avoided.
Hydrogel
This is a new generation bioimplant.It is fully compatible with the human body, which almost completely eliminates the risk of rejection.The hydrogel has many positive properties and its quality is not inferior to silicone prostheses.Its advantage is elasticity, safety and non-toxicity.
By shape
Experts distinguish between round and teardrop-shaped implants.The first are used for small changes in the mammary glands.Breast augmentation with round implants is suitable for women who want to achieve a natural breast shape.
By surface type and profile
The surface of the dentures can be smooth or rough.
There are also high and low implants.
When choosing a product, the doctor must take into account the patient's age, weight, height, body type, structure of the sternum, condition of the mammary glands and their size.
Access Methods
To insert an implant into the chest cavity, experts use three types of tissue dissection, resulting in vacuum space replacement.
Periareolar
Breast tissue is dissected at the site of the areola.The main advantage of this technique is that the doctor has the opportunity not only to correct the shape of the nipple, but also to change its position.
The scar after surgery almost completely disappears over time.
Submammary
An incision is made along the fold line under the breast.In terms of scar imperceptibility, this method is considered the most convenient, as the suture is located in the place where the mammary gland covers the skin of the trunk.
Axillary
It involves incisions in the area located close to the armpits.The method is sloppy and more complex;the scars will be located in a visible place.Furthermore, in this case it is difficult to correctly place the implants in the pocket between the mammary gland and the muscle.
Location of prostheses
They can be placed under the muscle fascia, under the mammary gland, or under the pectoralis major muscle.A combined method is often used, in which several location tactics are combined at the same time.
Difficulty categories
To determine this indicator, the following values must be considered:
- pointaccess;
- volumesurgical intervention;
- anatomicalresourcesand the desired size of the prosthesis;
- generalconditioncustomers;
- presence of relativerestrictionsfor the operation.
Plastic surgery involves three categories of complexity.
First
1st degree complexity breast augmentation involves periareolar access and endoprosthesis.At the same time, the method is characterized by moderate trauma and minimal surgical intervention.
Second
The patient's condition is satisfactory.Prosthetics with a vertical scar are performed;assumes a medium level of intervention and injury.
Third
There are relative limitations that can cause complications.An anchor lift is performed, during which the implants are installed.
Indications
Mammoplasty is performed not only to improve the appearance of the mammary glands, but also to eliminate deformities and other defects.
The main indications for plastic surgery include:
- smallsizebreasts;
- asymmetry;
- saggingbreast or areola prolapse, which can occur against the background of rapid weight loss;
- to changeformsas a result of lactation or childbirth;
- hyperpigmentationpacifier;
- incorrectly executedplasticbefore that;
- deformationcongenital roundness.
However, the main factor still remains the aesthetic transformation.
Contraindications
Correction of mammary glands with gel or silicone implants has its absolute and relative limitations.
The first group includes:
- illnessesinternal organs with serious illness;
- ageup to 18 years old;
- childhood periodfood;
- Cancer;
- mentalabnormalities and epileptic attacks;
- violationcoagulabilityblood;
- infections.
Relative contraindications include:
- fibrous knotsinside the mammary gland;
- bigweight;
- syphilisand HIV;
- chronic formhepatitis;
- illnessesautoimmunesystems, for example, rheumatism, nephritis, scleroderma;
- varicose veinsdilation of the veins
Furthermore, it is not recommended to perform surgery for diabetes mellitus in the compensation phase.The operation should be postponed during menstruation or if there is an unjustified increase in body temperature.
Preparation
Breast augmentation includes preparation.
An important point is to visit some specialists.The surgeon examines the mammary glands, the condition of the skin in this area and determines the size and volume of the breast.Furthermore, the doctor will inform you about the actions during the surgical procedure, the consequences and the result.
A consultation with a gynecologist, mammologist and therapist will help identify any limitations of the surgery.The anesthesiologist will help determine the presence of individual intolerance and a tendency to develop an allergic reaction to the medicines and materials used.
After that, the patient is sent for laboratory tests, which may include the following tests:
- blood and urine;
- biochemistry;
- for HIV, syphilis and hepatitis;
- sugar test;
- by group and Rh factor;
- coagulogram.
Instrumental examination involves carrying out fluorography, x-rays, electrocardiograms and ultrasound examinations.
In the presence of pathological processes in a chronic form, it will be necessary to obtain a report from the attending physician, which will indicate the duration of the remission.
If no contraindications to surgical intervention are identified, the woman needs to follow a number of recommendations at the preparation stage.
No later than a week and a half before the due date, you need to stop smoking and drinking alcohol.Do not expose the body to stressful situations and nervous tension.You will also have to stop taking medications that reduce blood clotting.
Execution technique
Arrival at the clinic is possible the day before or directly on the day of the surgical intervention.Before this, the doctor may advise the patient to take a sedative at night, which will help relieve nervous tension and ensure good sleep.In the morning, at the hospital, the woman's blood pressure and body temperature are measured.
After that, the specialist administers general anesthesia.The surface of the skin in the area of the mammary glands is treated with an antiseptic solution, catheters are installed and the body is connected to a special device that allows you to monitor the state of the body during the operation.
After the anesthetic takes effect, the doctor proceeds directly to the manipulation itself.A cut of the required length is made in a pre-selected area.The tissue is carefully detached to form a pocket where the implant will later be placed.To stop the bleeding, the vessels are cauterized.
Next, the surgeon removes the stent graft and installs it in the desired position through the incision.After all manipulations are completed, a suture and a fixing bandage are applied to the wound.The mammary glands are supported by shapewear, which will prevent the implant from moving to the side.
Recovery period
First of all, proper care of the wound surface is necessary, which will not only prevent the formation of pustular formations, but also accelerate the healing process.
As a rule, self-absorbing sutures are applied to the incision and do not require removal.After about 7 days, the patient will only need to remove the nodules that will protrude above the surface of the skin.
To avoid scars, you will need to apply plaster to the seam and wear a corset.
As in the first days after surgery the woman will be bothered by intense pain, the specialist will recommend taking painkillers to eliminate them.Antibiotics are prescribed to reduce the chance of infection.
To relieve swelling, you should not take a hot bath or expose your body to any physical activity for two weeks.To prevent capsular contracture, it is necessary to massage the breasts, but this cannot be done earlier than 2 weeks after installing the implants.
For 5 days it is necessary to avoid visits to the sauna, bathhouse and solarium.It is also prohibited to tan in direct sunlight.
Special attention should be paid to diet during the recovery period.Food should be light and easily digestible.You need to include more iron-containing fruits and vegetables and fortified cocktails in your diet.
Complications
All possible side effects are divided into two groups.
Early
This category includes the formation of bruises, microhematomas, swelling and pain.Such phenomena are not dangerous to human health and disappear on their own within a few days.
Afternoon
This group includes:
- openingbleeding– vascular damage contributes to the development of complications;
- seroma– appears, as a rule, a few hours after the intervention, so the patient must remain in a hospital environment for 1 to 3 days;
- losssensitivityareolar-nipple complex - usually occurs as a result of damage to the tactile nerve;
- bruises;
- suppurationat the site of sutures - the main cause of complications is non-compliance with septic and antiseptic standards;
- educationkeloidsscars and hypertrophied tissues;
- rupture ordeflation(expiration) of the prosthesis;
- dystopiaimplants;
- capsulefibrous type contracture.
Each of the above consequences requires immediate medical intervention.
Breast augmentation is a complex surgical procedure that requires highly qualified surgeons.Therefore, before making a decision about breast augmentation with implants, you need to weigh the pros and cons and take seriously the choice of the clinic where the manipulation will be carried out.